Glottal stop Totally Explained

Everything about Glottal Stop totally explained

:This article is about the sound. For the letter, see glottal stop (letter). The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʔ. The glottal stop is the sound made when the vocal cords are pressed together to stop the flow of air and then released; for example, the break separating the syllables of the interjection uh-oh. While this segment isn't a phoneme in English, it's present in nearly all dialects of English as an allophone of /t/. Some foreign language learning texts (for example Arabic) spend considerable space explaining this sound (in non-technical terms) to English speakers, although most English speakers make this consonant easily and daily.
In the traditional Romanization of many languages, such as Arabic, the glottal stop is transcribed with an apostrophe, <’>, and this is the source of the IPA letter <ʔ>. In many Polynesian languages which use the Latin alphabet, however, the glottal stop is written with a reversed apostrophe, <‘> (called ‘okina in Hawaiian), which, confusingly, is also used to transcribe the ayin Arabic and is the source of the IPA character for the voiced pharyngeal fricative <ʕ>.
In graphic representation the glottal stop is hard to generalize for the orthographies of most Philippine languages. In most cases, however, a word that begins with a vowel (for example Tagalog aso 'dog') is always pronounced with a glottal stop in the beginning. Some orthographies employ a hyphen, instead of the reverse apostrophe, if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (for example Tagalog pag-ibig 'love'). And when it occurs in the end of a word, the last vowel is written with a circumflex accent (if the accent is on the last syllable) or a grave accent (if the accent occurs at the penultimate syllable).

Features

Features of the glottal stop:

Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it's produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is glottal which means it's articulated by the vocal folds.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it's produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
Because it's pronounced in the throat; without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy doesn't apply.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it's articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		аи	[ʔaj]	'no'	See Abkhaz phonology
Arabic	Standard	ألله	[ʔɑlˤˈlˤɑːh]	'God, 'Allah'	See Arabic phonology
Arabic	Metropolitan dialects	شقة	[ʃæʔɐː]	'apartment'	Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Arabic.
Bikol		ba-go	[ˈbaːʔgo]	'new'
Burmese		မ္ရစ္‌မ္ယား	[mjiʔmjà]	'rivers'
Cebuano		bag-o	[ˈbaːgʔo]	'new'
Chamorro		halu'u	[həluʔu]	'shark'
Chechen		йоI / yoj	[yoʔ]	'girl'
Czech		používat	[poʔuʒiːvat]	'to use'	See Czech phonology
Danish		hånd	[hɞnʔ]	'hand'	See Danish phonology
Dutch		beamen	[bəʔamə]	'to confirm'	See Dutch phonology
English	Cockney	cat	[kʰɛ̝ʔ]	'cat'	Allophone of /t/. See glottalization and English phonology
	GA	cat	[kʰæʔt]	'cat'	Allophone of /t/. See glottalization and English phonology
	RP	button	[b̥ɐʔn̩]	'button'
Finnish		linja-auto	[ˈlinjɑʔˈɑuto]	'bus'	See Finnish phonology
French		les hérissons	[leʔeʁisɔ̃]]	'the hedgehogs'	Some dialects. May be [h] instead. See French phonology
German	northern dialects	Beamter	[bəˈʔamtɐ]	'civil servant'	See German phonology
Guaraní		avañe’ẽ	[aʋaɲẽˈʔẽ]	'Guaraní'	Occurs only between vowels
Hawaiian		eleele	[ˈʔɛlɛˈʔɛlɛ]	'black'	See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew		מאמר	[maʔamaʁ]	'article'	See Hebrew phonology
Indonesian		bakso	[ˌbaʔˈso]	'meatball'	Allophone of /k/ or /g/ in the syllable coda
Kabardian		Iэ	[ʔɛ]	'to tell'
Maltese		qattus	[ˈʔattus]	'cat'
Persian		معني	[maʔni]	'meaning'	See Persian phonology
Pirahã		baíxi	[màíʔì]	'parent'
Rotuman		ʻusu	[ʔusu]	'to box'
Seri		he	[ʔɛ]	'I'
Tagalog		iihi	[ˌʔiːˈʔiːhɛʔ]	'will urinate'
Tahitian		puaa	[puaʔa]	'pig'
Tongan		tuu	[tuʔu]	'stand'
Vietnamese		a	[ʔaʔ]	'by the way'	See Vietnamese phonology
Võro		piniq	[ˈpinʲiʔ]	'dogs'
Welayta		[ʔirʈa]		'wet'

Further Information

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